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A NIC stands for a network interface card, which is a piece of hardware that allows computers to communicate with other devices on a network.
It can also be called an Ethernet card, LAN card, or network adapter.
A NIC provides a dedicated connection to a network by transmitting and receiving data packets over a physical or wireless medium.
It also performs data encapsulation and unpacking, link management, and error detection and correction.
There are different types of NICs based on various factors, such as the bus type, the transmission medium, the speed, and the port number.
PCI: A type of NIC that uses the Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus to connect to the motherboard. It is an early-stage type of NIC that has been phased out of the market
PCIe: A type of NIC that uses the PCI Express (PCIe) bus to connect to the motherboard. It is a newer and faster type of NIC that is mainly used in industrial areas and servers
USB: A type of NIC that uses the Universal Serial Bus (USB) port to connect to the computer. It is mainly used in consumer electronics and portable devices
ISA: A type of NIC that uses the Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus to connect to the motherboard. It is an old and slow type of NIC that has been obsolete for a long time
Wireless: A type of NIC that uses electromagnetic waves to connect to the network. It is also known as a wireless adapter or a Wi-Fi card. It is popular for wireless networks
Ethernet: A type of NIC that uses an Ethernet cable to connect to the network. It is the most common and widely used type of NIC for wired networks
Fiber: A type of NIC that uses an optical fiber cable to connect to the network. It is also known as a fiber optic card or a fiber channel card. It is used for high-speed and long-distance networks
SFP: A type of NIC that uses a small form-factor pluggable (SFP) transceiver to connect to the network. It is also known as a SFP card or a SFP module. It is used for flexible and interchangeable network connections